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350

YEARS

OF

SCIENCE

19

© Juulijs - Fotolia

© Dorling Kindersley ltd - Alamy

These two eminent scientists definitively rejected the spontaneous

generation hypothesis and, with their many disciples, identified the

agents responsible for diseases that had been devastating huma-

nity for millenia, such as plague, cholera or tuberculosis. They

paved the way for the development of various tools for diagnosis,

therapeutics and, above all, prevention: vaccines.

© Photo Researchers, Inc - Alamy

© Juulijs - Fotolia

© Dorling Kindersley ltd - Alamy

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

and the beginning of microbiology

Replica of Leeuwenhoek's microscope

"Animalcules" detected in

human saliva, 1675

© From B.Eymann - Académie des sciences